"Cast in Bronze: French Sculpture from Renaissance to Revolution" @ The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY

Jean-Antoine Houdon (1741-1828), Winter 1787. Bronze; H. 57 in. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Kate Trubee Davison, 1962 (62.55)

NEW YORK, NY.- Beginning in the 16th century, a tradition of bronze sculpture developed in France that was influenced by achievements of the Italian Renaissance, while manifesting its own distinct refinement and force. Even though French bronzes were among the glories of royal châteaux, including Versailles, and were collected eagerly by connoisseurs, they have received relatively little scrutiny from scholars. Cast in Bronze: French Sculpture from Renaissance to Revolution, on view at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, brings together a large number of spectacular bronzes and is the first exhibition to address this subject in 40 years.

Approximately 125 of the finest statuettes, portrait busts, and monuments reveal the French genius for bronze from the late Renaissance through the times of Louis XIV, Louis XV, and Louis XVI. Jean Goujon, Germain Pilon, Barthélemy Prieur, Pierre I. Biard, Michel Anguier, François Girardon, Antoine Coysevox, Jean- Baptiste Pigalle, and Jean-Antoine Houdon are among the masters featured in the exhibition who lent their prodigious talents to the medium.

Evolving from a decade-long collaborative study by curators and other scholars, Cast in Bronze: French Sculpture from Renaissance to Revolution is the first exhibition in a museum to display this rich array of achievements spanning the Renaissance to the Age of Enlightenment. It features works from spectacular collections, including, most generously, the Musée du Louvre; the Royal Collection, Windsor Castle; the museums of Dresden; and many provincial museums of France. Many of the works in the exhibition have rarely been seen in the United States.

Cast in Bronze: French Sculpture from Renaissance to Revolution is divided into periods in which French accomplishments in modeling, casting, and chasing bronze sculpture, from monuments to statuettes, were most prominent. Mannerist style, inaugurated in the reign of François I, was carried to triumphant heights under Henry II. The reign of Henri IV witnessed the formation of a robust Baroque style that crystallized during the rule of Louis XIV, the Sun King, whose rule is gloriously reflected in a series of masterpieces. In the 18th century, a new and highly attractive rationalism developed during the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI. Many bronzes made for the French crown were melted down during political upheavals, but canonical works of the Renaissance and later periods survive intact, or in fascinating fragments.

The vast expertise and range of experimentation in composition, workmanship, and detail that sculptors brought to their metal masterworks are on display. Highlights of the exhibition include Germain Pilon’s relief, the Lamentation over the Dead Christ, Pierre I. Biard’s Fame, Jean Goujon’s Tomb Effigy of André Blondel de Rocquencourt, and Jean-Antoine Houdon’s Diana, all from the Musée du Louvre; Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne’s Louis XV Standing on a Shield Borne by Soldiers, François Dumont’s Prometheus, and Guillaume Coustou’s Julius Caeser from the Royal Collection, Windsor Castle; and François Lespingola’s The Infant Hercules Strangling the Serpent from the Museum Abegg-Stiftung, Switzerland. Additionally, equestrian statues that were the glory of Louis XIV’s reign are on view.

The geniuses of the age of Louis XV are celebrated in The French Parnassus (Musée National de Versailles), a monumental work that depicts a vertiginous gathering of writers, poets, and artists, topped by Apollo, the Graces, and Pegasus. The French Parnassus -- which was begun by Louis Garnier and completed by Augustin Pajou -- is specially installed in the Metropolitan’s Carroll and Milton Petrie European Sculpture Court for the duration of the exhibition.

At the Metropolitan Museum, the exhibition is organized by Ian Wardropper, Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Chairman, and James David Draper, Henry R. Kravis Curator, both of the Department of European Sculpture and Decorative Arts.

François Lespingola (1644-1705), Hercules Rescuing Prometheus, Late 17th-century. Bronze ; Overall: 16 3/4 x 23 1/4 x 14 1/8 in. Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden, Germany

Pierre I Biard (Paris, 1559–Paris, 1609), Fame, Paris, commissioned in 1597, Bronze statue; 52 3/4 x 47 1/4 in. (134 x 120 cm), Paris, Musée du Louvre, LP 361

Matthieu Jacquet (1545-1611), Henri IV, Early 17th century, Bronze; Overall: 12 1/2 x 8 9/16 x 9 3/16 in. Musée du Louvre, Paris

Germain Pilon (Paris, recorded from 1540–d. Paris, 1590), Lamentation over the Dead Christ, Paris, ca. 1583, Bronze relief; 3 x 32 5/16 x 2 5/16 in. (7.6 x 82 x 5.8 cm), Paris, Musée du Louvre, LP 44

Martin Van Den Bogaert, called Desjardins (Breda, 1637–Paris, 1694), The Submission of the Doge of Genoa, Paris, commissioned in 1685, Bronze medallion; 33 1/16 x 3 15/16 in. (84 x 10 cm), Paris, Musée du Louvre, RF 1606

Jacques Sarazin (Noyon, 1592–Paris, 1660), Louis XIV at the Age of Five, Paris, 1643, Bronze bust; 17 15/16 x 17 5/16 x 9 7/16 in. (45.5 x 44 x 24 cm), Paris, Musée du Louvre, RF 2508

Hubert Le Sueur (Recorded in Paris between 1659 and 1658), Louis XIII on Horseback, Paris, ca. 1620; Bronze statuette; 8 1/4 x 7 7/8 x 3 1/8 in. (21 x 20 x 8 cm), Signed on the saddle strap: LESVEVR. London, Victoria and Albert Museum, A.1-1994

Barthélemy Prieur (Berzieux, ca. 1536–Paris, 1611), Funerary Geniuses From the Tomb of Christophe de Thou, Paris, 1583–85
Bronze statues; 29 15/16 x 42 1/8 x 13 7/8 in. (76 x 107 x 35.2 cm) and 30 1/8 x 43 1/8 x 20 1/2 in. (76.5 x 109.5 x 52 cm). Paris, Musée du Louvre, MR 1684 and MR 1685

Louis Garnier (ca. 1638–Paris, 1728); Medallions by Simon Curé (ca. 1680–Paris, 1734); Later additions by Augustin Pajou (Paris, 1730–Paris, 1809); The French Parnassus, Paris, 1718–1721; Pajou additions, 1762 and 1777, Bronze group; 102 3/8 x 92 1/2 x 90 9/16 in. (260 x 235 x 230 cm). Versailles, Musée National de Versailles, MV 6023

François Girardon (Troyes, 1628–Paris, 1715); Probably cast by Jean Le Pileur (d. Paris, 1702); Pedestal by Pierre-Philippe Thomire (Paris, 1751–Paris, 1843), Louis XIV on Horseback, Paris, 1696, Bronze statuette; 41 9/16 x 38 x 26 3/16 in. (105.5 x 96.5 x 66.5 cm). London, The Royal Collection, 31359

Michel Anguier (1612-1686), Weeping Ceres, Model 1652, cast probably 1652/1670, Bronze; Overall: 21 1/4 x 11 x 9 7/8 in. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (1989.44.1)

François Dumont (Paris, 1688–Lille, 1726), Prometheus, Paris, 1710, Bronze group; 33 1/16 x 26 9/16 x 16 15/16 in. (84 x 67.5 x 43 cm). London, The Royal Collection, 72636

Jean-Antoine Houdon (Versailles, 1741–Paris, 1828), Diana the Huntress, Paris, 1790, Bronze statue; 76 x 35 7/16 x 44 7/8 in. (193 x 90 x 114 cm). Paris, Musée du Louvre, CC 204